INTRODUCTION
Forensic evidence play a crucial role in criminal trials. Providing objectives, scientific data to establishing facts divide witness testimony, and help determine guilty or innocence persons. It helps to identifying suspects, reconstructing crime scenes, build a strong case for both prosecution and defence. It provide as more than just tool for solving crimes, and it also play a crucial role in larger legal system, supporting the establishment of the crimes occurrence, identifying the offender and clearing the unfairly accused. It is expansive, environ digital traces and gathering data. Any digital or forensic evidence can be utilized to solve crime.
Key Role of Forensic Evidence in Criminal Trials
- Establishing facts and reconstruct crime scenes- Forensic technic like DNA analysis, fingerprint identification.
- Identifying suspects- Forensic evidence including DNA profiling, fingerprint analysis, and dental records comparison, can link suspect to the crime scene or victim.
- Proving witness testimony- Forensic evidence can validate statement from witnesses, providing more reliable evidence of what occurred.
- Build a strong case for the prosecution and defence- Prosecution and defence both can utilize forensic evidence to build their case and present their arguments.
- Rehabilitate wrongfully accused- Forensic evidence also used to identify errors in investigation and to prove the innocence of someone wrongly accused.
- Providing objectivity- Forensic evidence basis for making decision in the courtroom, preventing tampering.
Legal Provision for Use of Forensic Evidence:
In Indian criminal justice system forensic evidence is play a vital or important role as it investigation and court cases.
The Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC)- The procedural laws regulating criminal investigation and trials in the Code of Criminal Procedure. Section 53 says the judge have the right to perform forensic evidence in addition to the accused medical examination.
Indian Evidence Act, 1872- Forensic evidence admitted in Indian Evidence Act 1872. Under certain condition section 45 considers experts including forensic evidence. Forensic evidence by allowing experts to testify on issues like DNA profiling, Fingerprint matching, and Handwriting analysis.
Information Technology Act, 2000- Admitted and legal provision of digital evidence are covered under provisions of the Information Technology Act, 2000. Digital evidence is also acceptable in court.
Examples of Forensic Evidence:
- DNA Evidence
- Fingerprint Analysis
- Ballistics
- Toxicology
- Digital Evidence
Conclusion:
Forensic evidence is a vital component of the criminal justice system. It is helping to guarantee justice and encourage transparency in the criminal justice system. Forensic evidence can powerful tool and able to provide ultimate proof in criminal trials.
